IFIT1
Description
The IFIT1 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFIT1 gene.
IFIT1 is an interferon-induced antiviral RNA-binding protein that specifically binds single-stranded RNA bearing a 5'-triphosphate group (PPP-RNA). This binding acts as a sensor of viral single-stranded RNAs and inhibits the expression of viral messenger RNAs. Viral RNAs lack the 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap and instead have a 5'-triphosphate group, making them distinct from host mRNAs. This difference allows IFIT1 to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs during viral infection. IFIT1 binds PPP-RNA in a non-sequence-specific manner. Viruses have evolved strategies to evade this antiviral system, such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing the host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). IFIT1 exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses including human papilloma and hepatitis C viruses.
IFIT1 is also known as C56, G10P1, IFI-56, IFI-56K, IFI56, IFIT-1, IFNAI1, ISG56, P56, RNM561.
Associated Diseases
- varicella, severe recurrent
- T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to JAK3 deficiency
- MHC class II deficiency
- hyper-IgM syndrome type 2
- Zika virus infectious disease
- isolated agammaglobulinemia
- immunodeficiency 66
- immunodeficiency 37
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARD11 deficiency
- hyper-IgM syndrome type 5
