ID2
Description
The ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
ID2 is a protein encoded by the ID2 gene in humans. It belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family, which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but lack a basic domain. ID family members inhibit the activity of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors by forming heterodimers and blocking their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. ID2 plays a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. It may also be involved in the development and resistance to therapies of glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer. ID2 has been shown to interact with the proteins MyoD and NEDD9.
ID2 is a transcriptional regulator that lacks a basic DNA binding domain and negatively regulates the activity of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. It achieves this by forming heterodimers with bHLH factors, preventing them from binding to DNA and activating gene expression. ID2 is involved in various cellular processes, including growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor development. It specifically inhibits the differentiation of skeletal muscle and cardiac myocytes. ID2 also plays a crucial role in regulating the circadian clock by suppressing the activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer, a key transcription factor for circadian rhythm. ID2 restricts the localization of CLOCK and BMAL1 to the cytoplasm, preventing their nuclear entry and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, ID2 participates in both the input and output pathways of the circadian clock. In the input pathway, it modulates the sensitivity of the clock to light cues, while in the output pathway, it regulates the expression of liver genes involved in lipid metabolism.
ID2 is also known as GIG8, ID2A, ID2H, bHLHb26.
