HYAL3
Hyaluronan (Hyal3)
Description
Hyaluronan (pronounced "hi-a-luhr-oh-nan"), also known as hyaluronic acid, is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, a type of carbohydrate molecule that plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including tissue hydration, lubrication, and cell proliferation. It is found in abundance in the synovial fluid of joints, cartilage, skin, and vitreous humor of the eye.
Hyaluronan consists of repeating units of disaccharides composed of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its unique structure allows it to bind to numerous water molecules, creating a highly viscous and elastic gel-like substance that imparts its characteristic properties to tissues.
Associated Diseases
Dysregulation of hyaluronan metabolism or function is associated with several diseases, including:
- Osteoarthritis: Decreased hyaluronan content in joint synovial fluid leads to cartilage damage and progression of osteoarthritis.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Increased production and degradation of hyaluronan contribute to joint inflammation and tissue destruction.
- Dry eye syndrome: Reduced hyaluronan levels in the tear film cause corneal dehydration and discomfort.
- Skin aging: Gradual decline in hyaluronan production contributes to skin dryness, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity.
- Cancer: Altered hyaluronan expression and accumulation are involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
Did you Know ?
- Approximately 50% of the body's total hyaluronan is found in the skin, where it contributes to moisture retention and elasticity.
