HPSE
Description
The HPSE (heparanase) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
HPSE may refer to:
HPSE is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans, playing a role in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling. It specifically breaks the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit with either a 3-O-sulfo or a 6-O-sulfo group. HPSE can also cleave the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying a 2-O-sulfo group, but not linkages between a glucuronic acid unit and a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid moiety. This enzyme is inactive at neutral pH, but becomes active in acidic environments, such as those found during tumor invasion and inflammatory processes. HPSE facilitates cell migration, contributing to metastasis, wound healing, and inflammation. It enhances the shedding of syndecans and promotes endothelial invasion and angiogenesis in myelomas. HPSE acts as a procoagulant by increasing the generation of activation factor X in the presence of tissue factor and activation factor VII. It can increase cell adhesion to the ECM independent of its enzymatic activity. HPSE induces AKT1/PKB phosphorylation via lipid rafts, increasing cell mobility and invasion. Heparin enhances this AKT1/PKB activation. HPSE regulates osteogenesis and promotes angiogenesis through up-regulation of SRC-mediated activation of VEGF. It is implicated in hair follicle inner root sheath differentiation and hair homeostasis.
HPSE is also known as HPA, HPA1, HPR1, HPSE1, HSE1.
