HOPX
Description
The HOPX (HOP homeobox) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
HOPX (Homeodomain-only protein) is a gene in humans that encodes a protein crucial for cardiac development. It also serves as a marker for hippocampal neural stem cells. The encoded protein is a homeodomain protein lacking certain residues essential for DNA binding. This gene's absence in choriocarcinoma cell lines suggests its possible involvement in the transformation of placental trophoblasts into malignant cells. Research in mice indicates that this protein interacts with serum response factor (SRF) and modulates SRF-dependent cardiac-specific gene expression and cardiac development. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed, with the full-length nature of only some determined.
HOPX is an atypical homeodomain protein that lacks DNA binding capabilities. It plays a crucial role in regulating cardiac growth and development by interacting with serum response factor (SRF). This interaction modulates the expression of SRF-dependent cardiac-specific genes. HOPX can prevent SRF-dependent transcription either by hindering SRF binding to DNA or by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which suppress transcription by SRF. Overexpression of HOPX leads to cardiac hypertrophy. HOPX may also act as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, HOPX functions as a co-chaperone for HSPA1A and HSPA1B chaperone proteins, aiding in chaperone-mediated protein refolding.
HOPX is also known as CAMEO, HOD, HOP, LAGY, NECC1, OB1, SMAP31, TOTO.
Associated Diseases
- left ventricular noncompaction
- cancer
- dilated cardiomyopathy 1AA
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4
- atrial standstill
- sick sinus syndrome 2, autosomal dominant
- dilated cardiomyopathy 1I
- left ventricular noncompaction 10
