HIVEP3
Description
The HIVEP3 (HIVEP zinc finger 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
HIVEP3, also known as Human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer-binding protein 3, is a protein encoded by the HIVEP3 gene in humans. It belongs to the ZAS family, characterized by a ZAS domain containing a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. These proteins bind to specific DNA sequences, including the kappa-B motif (GGGACTTTCC), found in the promoters and enhancer regions of various genes and viruses, including HIV. The ZAS genes are large, spanning more than 150 kb and containing at least 10 exons, one of which is over 5.5 kb. HIVEP3 plays a role in regulating osteoblasts. It has been shown to interact with TRAF1 and TRAF2.
HIVEP3 acts as a transcription factor, binding to recognition signal sequences (RSS heptamers) during the somatic recombination of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene segments. It also binds to the kappa-B motif in genes like S100A4, influencing cell progression and differentiation. This kappa-B motif is a regulatory element found in promoters and enhancers of genes involved in immunity, inflammation, and growth, responding to viral antigens, mitogens, and cytokines. HIVEP3's role in cell growth is highlighted by the fact that its downregulation promotes cell cycle progression leading to the formation of multinucleated giant cells. It strongly inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa-B activation. HIVEP3 interferes with the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B through various mechanisms: as a transcription factor, it competes for the kappa-B motif and represses transcription in the nucleus. It also employs a non-transcriptional mechanism by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of RELA through association with TRAF2, an adapter molecule in the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. This association blocks the formation of the IKK complex. Interaction with TRAF proteins inhibits both NF-Kappa-B-mediated and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/JNK-mediated responses, including apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. HIVEP3 positively regulates the expression of IL2 in T-cells and acts as an essential regulator of adult bone formation.
HIVEP3 is also known as KBP-1, KBP1, KRC, SHN3, Schnurri-3, ZAS3, ZNF40C.
