HERC4
HER4: A Comprehensive Overview
Description
HER4 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 4) is a member of the HER/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. It is a transmembrane protein expressed in various tissues, including the skin, heart, and lung. HER4 consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain.
Upon ligand binding, HER4 undergoes dimerization with other HER family members, such as HER2 and HER3, triggering a signaling cascade that activates downstream pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
Associated Diseases
Dysregulation of HER4 signaling has been implicated in several diseases, including:
- Cancer: HER4 overexpression is associated with various cancers, such as breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. It promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis.
- Cardiovascular disease: HER4 plays a role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Overexpression can lead to heart failure and arrhythmias.
- Skin disorders: HER4 is involved in skin development and maintenance. Alterations in HER4 activity can contribute to skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.
- Neurological disorders: HER4 is expressed in the brain, and its dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Did you Know ?
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 20-30% of breast cancers are characterized by HER4 overexpression, highlighting its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
