HER2
The HER2 Gene: A Key Player in Cancer and Beyond
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene is a critical piece of our genetic code with implications for cell growth and, notably, cancer development. Understanding the HER2 gene is key to unlocking new treatments and potential cures for several types of cancer.
What is the HER2 Gene?
The HER2 gene provides instructions for creating the HER2 protein, a receptor on the surface of cells. This protein plays a crucial role in cell growth and division. When functioning normally, HER2 helps regulate cell repair and growth.
Associated Diseases: The HER2 Gene and Cancer
HER2-Positive Cancers:
The HER2 gene is most well-known for its association with certain cancers. In these cancers, the HER2 gene becomes amplified, leading to an overproduction of the HER2 protein, which fuels uncontrolled cell growth. This amplification is particularly relevant in:
- Breast Cancer: 15-20% of breast cancers are HER2-positive, making it a crucial target for treatment.
- Gastric (Stomach) Cancer: About 10-20% of gastric cancers are HER2-positive.
- Esophageal Cancer: A smaller percentage of esophageal cancers are HER2-positive.
- Other Cancers: Less frequently, HER2 amplification has been observed in ovarian, colorectal, and bladder cancers.
Beyond Cancer: Exploring New Connections
Research is ongoing to understand HER2‘s potential role in other health conditions:
- Heart Disease: Studies are investigating the link between HER2 and certain heart conditions.
- Neurological Disorders: There‘s emerging research on a possible connection between HER2 and neurological conditions like Alzheimer‘s disease.
Somatic vs. Germline HER2 Mutations:
- Somatic HER2 Mutations: These mutations occur in the HER2 gene during a person‘s lifetime and are not passed on to offspring. Most HER2 mutations in cancer are somatic, confined to the tumor cells.
- Germline HER2 Mutations: These are inherited mutations present in every cell of the body from birth. While less common, germline HER2 mutations can significantly increase the risk of certain cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer.
Targeted Therapies for HER2-Positive Cancers: A Revolution in Treatment
The discovery of HER2‘s role in cancer led to a revolution in treatment: targeted therapies designed specifically to inhibit the HER2 protein. These therapies have significantly improved outcomes for HER2-positive cancers.
