HDAC5
Description
The HDAC5 (histone deacetylase 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
HDAC5 is an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones, which are proteins that help package DNA. This process, known as histone deacetylation, alters the structure of DNA and affects how genes are turned on or off. HDAC5 plays a role in regulating gene expression, cell cycle progression, and developmental processes. It interacts with other proteins to form complexes that help control gene expression. HDAC5 is also involved in muscle maturation, and it is linked to colon cancer. Two different forms of HDAC5 have been found.
HDAC5 is responsible for removing acetyl groups from lysine residues on the N-terminal tails of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). This deacetylation process marks these histones for epigenetic repression, playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression, cell cycle progression, and developmental processes. HDAC5 functions within large multiprotein complexes. It plays a key role in muscle maturation by suppressing the transcription of the myocyte enhancer factor MEF2C. During muscle differentiation, HDAC5 translocates to the cytoplasm, enabling the expression of myocyte enhancer factors. HDAC5 is also involved in the MTA1-mediated epigenetic regulation of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) expression in breast cancer. It acts as a corepressor of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) and deacetylates it, leading to the repression of microRNA-10a and subsequently influencing the inflammatory response.
HDAC5 is also known as HD5, NY-CO-9.
Associated Diseases
- T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- graft versus host disease
- breast cancer
- lung cancer
- thyroid gland adenocarcinoma
- ovarian cancer
