HCFC1 : host cell factor C1
Description
The HCFC1 (host cell factor C1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
The HCFC1 gene provides instructions for making a protein, called HCF-1, that helps regulate the activity of other genes. HCF-1 interacts with proteins called transcription factors, which attach (bind) to specific regions of DNA and help control the activity of particular genes.One of several functions of the HCF-1 protein is to control the activity of a gene called MMACHC that is involved in the processing of vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin). This gene plays a role in the conversion of vitamin B12 into one of two molecules, adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) or methylcobalamin (MeCbl). AdoCbl is required for the normal function of an enzyme known as methylmalonyl CoA mutase. This enzyme helps break down certain protein building blocks (amino acids), fat building blocks (fatty acids), and cholesterol. AdoCbl is called a cofactor because it helps methylmalonyl CoA mutase carry out its function. MeCbl is also a cofactor, but for an enzyme known as methionine synthase. This enzyme converts the amino acid homocysteine to another amino acid, methionine. The body uses methionine to make proteins and other important compounds.HCF-1 helps regulate genes that are important in other cellular processes, such as progression of cells through the step-by-step process it takes to replicate themselves (called the cell cycle). This protein also plays a role in the distribution of cells in developing tissues and organs, including the brain.
HCFC1, also known as HCF or HCF-1, is a transcriptional coregulator involved in cell cycle control. It antagonizes transactivation by ZBTB17 and GABP2, represses ZBTB17 activation of the p15(INK4b) promoter, and inhibits its ability to recruit p300. It is a coactivator for EGR2 and GABP2 and tethers the chromatin modifying Set1/Ash2 histone H3 ‘Lys-4‘ methyltransferase (H3K4me) and Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes together. It is a component of a THAP1/THAP3-HCFC1-OGT complex required for regulating the transcriptional activity of RRM1 and, as part of the NSL complex, may be involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues. HCFC1 recruits KMT2E/MLL5 to E2F1 responsive promoters promoting transcriptional activation, thereby facilitating G1 to S phase transition. It modulates the expression of homeobox protein PDX1, perhaps acting in concert with transcription factor E2F1, thereby regulating pancreatic beta-cell growth and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. HCFC1 may negatively modulate the transcriptional activity of FOXO3.
HCFC1 is also known as CFF, HCF, HCF-1, HCF1, HFC1, MAHCX, MRX3, PPP1R89, VCAF, XLID3.
