HAVCR1
Description
The HAVCR1 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
HAVCR1, also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1), is a protein that is encoded by the HAVCR1 gene in humans. It is also known as KIM-1 (Kidney Injury Molecule-1), a type 1 transmembrane protein that is highly upregulated in injured kidneys by various types of insults. Its upregulation during renal injury has been observed in the kidneys of vertebrates such as zebrafish and humans. HAVCR1 is a member of the TIM gene family, which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity, particularly in relation to the host response to viral infections. TIM-1 is also involved in allergic responses, asthma, and transplant tolerance. The TIM gene family was first cloned from a mouse model of asthma in 2001. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that members of the TIM gene family, including TIM-1, participate in the host immune response. The mouse TIM gene family contains eight members (TIM-1-8), while only three TIM genes (TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4) have been identified in humans. TIM genes are type I cell-surface glycoproteins, which include an N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, a mucin domain with distinct lengths, a single transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal short cytoplasmic tail. The localization and functions of TIM genes differ between each member.
HAVCR1, also known as TIM-1, is a phosphatidylserine receptor that plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of regulatory B cells, including their generation, expansion, and suppressive functions. As a ligand for P-selectin (SELPLG), HAVCR1 contributes to the selective migration of activated T cells, but not naïve T cells, during inflammatory responses. This selective trafficking influences T cell accumulation within inflamed central nervous system (CNS) and potentially contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, HAVCR1 regulates the expression of various anti-inflammatory cytokines and co-inhibitory ligands, including IL10, and acts as a regulator of T cell proliferation. HAVCR1 may also be involved in kidney injury and repair.
HAVCR1 is also known as CD365, HAVCR, HAVCR-1, KIM-1, KIM1, TIM, TIM-1, TIM1, TIMD-1, TIMD1.
