GZMA
Description
The GZMA (granzyme A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
Granzyme A (GzmA) is a tryptase and is one of the five granzymes encoded in the human genome. It is encoded by the GZMA gene on chromosome 5, near the GZMK gene. GzmA is found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). It cleaves proteins after arginine or lysine residues, activating caspase-independent programmed cell death pathways that are distinct from those activated by Granzyme B, though some substrates are shared, such as PARP-1 and lamin B. Substrates of GzmA include Pro-IL-1β, NDUFS3, SET, APE1, and Ku70. In vitro studies suggest that GzmA may be less cytotoxic than GzmB. In colorectal cancer, GzmA has been linked to promoting cancer development, potentially through the activation of inflammation-inducing cytokines from macrophages.
Granzyme A (GzmA) is a protease found in the granules of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It triggers caspase-independent pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, when delivered into target cells through the immunological synapse. GzmA cleaves proteins after lysine or arginine residues. It cleaves gasdermin-B (GSDMB), releasing its pore-forming moiety and initiating pyroptosis. GzmA also cleaves APEX1, destroying its oxidative repair activity, and cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET, disrupting its nucleosome assembly activity and allowing the SET complex to translocate into the nucleus to nick and degrade DNA.
GZMA is also known as CTLA3, HFSP.
