GSTA1
Description
The GSTA1 (glutathione S-transferase alpha 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
GSTA1 is a human gene that encodes the enzyme Glutathione S-transferase A1. This enzyme belongs to the alpha class of glutathione S-transferases, which are involved in detoxifying various compounds, including carcinogens, drugs, toxins, and products of oxidative stress. These enzymes conjugate glutathione to electrophilic compounds, neutralizing their harmful effects. GSTA1 is highly expressed in the liver and kidney, where it plays a crucial role in metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, it exhibits glutathione peroxidase activity, protecting cells from reactive oxygen species and peroxidation products. Elevated levels of GSTA1 in serum and urine are associated with necrosis in hepatocytes and renal proximal tubules, respectively, suggesting its potential as a marker for tissue injury.
GSTA1 catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione on electrophilic groups of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds. It forms glutathione conjugates of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). GSTA1 also catalyzes the isomerization of D5-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) into D4-androstene-3,17-dione, playing a role in hormone biosynthesis. It exhibits glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward the fatty acid hydroperoxide (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate/13-HPODE, participating in the metabolism of oxidized linoleic acid.
GSTA1 is also known as GST-epsilon, GST2, GSTA1-1, GTH1.
