GPX3
Description
The GPX3 (glutathione peroxidase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
GPX3, also known as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-P) or extracellular glutathione peroxidase, is an enzyme encoded by the GPX3 gene in humans. It belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, which detoxifies hydrogen peroxide. GPX3 contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site, encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of Sec-containing genes contains a stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), required for recognizing UGA as a Sec codon instead of a stop signal. GPX3 exhibits broad thiol specificity, using GSH, cysteine, mercaptoethanol, and dithiothreitol as reducing agents in vitro. Homocysteine can effectively replace GSH in vitro. In rat blood plasma, GPX3 activity is low during the first two weeks after birth but increases rapidly during the transition from milk to solid food. GPX3 activity declines with age, decreasing around 23-26 months of age in rat blood plasma.
GPX3 protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides, and organic hydroperoxides using glutathione as a reducing agent.
GPX3 is also known as GPx-P, GSHPx-3, GSHPx-P.
Associated Diseases
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- cancer
- nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma
- pachyonychia congenita
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
- thrombocytopenia 7
- diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 2
