GPR50
Description
The GPR50 (G protein-coupled receptor 50) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
GPR50 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, closely related to the melatonin receptor. It can form heterodimers with both MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor subtypes, inhibiting MT1 from binding melatonin and coupling to G proteins. GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c, a melatonin receptor found in non-mammalian vertebrates. Certain polymorphisms in the GPR50 gene in females are associated with increased risk of developing bipolar affective disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. Other polymorphisms are linked to higher fasting circulating triglyceride levels and lower circulating High-density lipoprotein levels.
GPR50, a G protein-coupled receptor, participates in various physiological processes including energy metabolism regulation, neurite outgrowth, and cell migration. It promotes self-renewal and neuronal differentiation in neural progenitor cells through activation of NOTCH and WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathways. GPR50 modulates KAT5-dependent glucocorticoid receptor signaling by controlling KAT5 subcellular localization. Additionally, it plays a role in activating TGFBR1 in the absence of TGFBR2, interfering with FKBP1A binding to TGFBR1 and inducing both canonical and non-canonical SMAD signaling pathways, ultimately inhibiting proliferation or promoting migration.
GPR50 is also known as H9, Mel1c.
Associated Diseases
- cancer
- breast cancer
- idiopathic scoliosis
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- bipolar disorder
- major depressive disorder
- schizophrenia
