GPR35
Description
The GPR35 (G protein-coupled receptor 35) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
GPR35, also known as G protein-coupled receptor 35, is a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the GPR35 gene. It's highly expressed in immune and gastrointestinal tissues, including the crypts of Lieberkühn. Despite being an orphan receptor, there are attempts to identify endogenous molecules that activate it. Proposed ligands include kynurenic acid, LPA species, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, DHICA, T3, and reverse T3. Synthetic agonists include cromoglicic acid, nedocromil, pamoic acid, zaprinast, lodoxamide, and bufrolin. Zaprinast is the gold standard for evaluating GPR35 agonists. Antagonists include ML145 and ML144, which work through inverse agonism. GPR35 gene deletion may be linked to brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome and is mutated in 2q37 monosomy and 2q37 deletion syndrome.
GPR35, a G protein-coupled receptor, binds to various ligands including kynurenic acid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) with high affinity, activating numerous intracellular signaling pathways. It plays a role in neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance through 5-HIAA, a major serotonin metabolite acting as a physiological ligand. Activated by kynurenic acid, GPR35 stimulates lipid metabolism, thermogenic, and anti-inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue. In macrophages, LPA activation promotes GPR35 signaling, leading to TNF production and macrophage chemotaxis. GPR35 interacts with GNA13 and ARRB2.
GPR35 is also known as -.
