GPR18


GPR18: A G Protein-Coupled Receptor with Diverse Roles in Physiology and Disease

Description

GPR18, also known as the G protein-coupled receptor 18, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. GPR18 is activated by a variety of ligands, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which is produced during cell membrane breakdown.

Upon activation, GPR18 triggers downstream signaling pathways that regulate various cellular processes, including:

  • Metabolism: Glucose uptake, lipid metabolism, and energy expenditure
  • Inflammation: Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells
  • Pain perception: Nociception and pain sensitization
  • Neurogenesis: Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

Associated Diseases

Dysregulation of GPR18 has been implicated in a range of diseases, including:

  • Obesity: GPR18 overexpression promotes weight gain and insulin resistance
  • Diabetes: Impaired GPR18 signaling contributes to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance
  • Cardiovascular disease: GPR18 deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis and heart failure
  • Neurological disorders: GPR18 has been linked to schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease
  • Cancer: GPR18 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in certain cancer types

Did you Know ?

Studies have shown that approximately 10% of individuals with obesity have a genetic variation in the GPR18 gene that leads to reduced GPR18 activity. This suggests that GPR18 may play a significant role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.



Disclaimer: The information provided here is not exhaustive by any means. Always consult your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition, procedure, or treatment, whether it is a prescription medication, over-the-counter drug, vitamin, supplement, or herbal alternative.