GPR132
Description
The GPR132 (G protein-coupled receptor 132) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14.
GPR132 (G protein coupled receptor 132), also known as G2A, is a member of the proton-sensing G protein coupled receptor (GPR) subfamily. Like other members of this subfamily, GPR132 is a G protein coupled receptor that resides in the cell surface membrane, senses changes in extracellular pH, and can alter cellular function in response to these changes. Although GPR132 was initially proposed as a receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), current research suggests it is a receptor for certain metabolites of the polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid.
The GPR132 gene is located on chromosome 14q32.3 and encodes two alternative splice variants, G2A-a and G2A-b, which consist of 380 and 371 amino acids, respectively. Both variants exhibit similar functionality when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. G2A-a and G2A-b mRNA are expressed at similar levels in various blood leukocytes, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. They are also expressed, albeit at lower levels, in spleen, lung, and heart tissues. Both variants are similarly induced by DNA synthesis inhibitors (hydroxyurea and cytosine arabinoside) or a differentiation inducer (all-trans retinoic acid) in HL-60 human leukemic cells.
The mouse G2A receptor, encoded by Gpr132, shares 67% amino acid identity with human G2A but lacks pH-sensing capabilities and does not respond to certain presumptive ligands.
GPR132 may act as a receptor for oxidized free fatty acids derived from linoleic and arachidonic acids, such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). It activates a G alpha protein, likely G alpha(q), and may play a role in apoptosis. GPR132 functions at the G2/M checkpoint to delay mitosis, potentially acting as a sensor that monitors oxidative states and mediates cellular responses like paracrine signaling and the inhibition of proliferation. At acidic pH, it may mediate the accumulation of intracellular inositol phosphates through proton-sensing activity. This information is based on studies referenced in PubMed IDs: 12586833, 19855098, and 9770487.
GPR132 is also known as G2A.
Associated Diseases
- ovarian cancer
- low grade glioma
- cancer
- common variable immunodeficiency
- autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsuffiency
- T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to JAK3 deficiency
- immunodeficiency 72 with autoinflammation
- autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2B
- combined immunodeficiency due to ZAP70 deficiency
- isolated agammaglobulinemia
- immunodeficiency 78 with autoimmunity and developmental delay
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to DCLRE1C deficiency
