XCR1
The XCR1 Gene: Unlocking Its Role in Immunity and Disease
Description
The XCR1 gene, located on chromosome 3p21.31, encodes the X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). XCR1 plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the recruitment and activation of immune cells to sites of inflammation.
XCR1 binds to its primary ligand, XCL1 (lymphotactin), which is produced by activated endothelial cells, dendritic cells, and platelets. Upon XCL1 binding, XCR1 undergoes conformational changes, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways involving G proteins, phospholipase C, and calcium mobilization.
Associated Diseases
Dysregulation of XCR1 signaling has been implicated in various diseases, including:
- Rheumatoid arthritis: XCR1 overexpression on synovial fibroblasts promotes inflammation and joint destruction.
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Increased XCL1 expression and XCR1 activation contribute to leukocyte infiltration and mucosal inflammation.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): XCR1-expressing immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of MS by promoting the migration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system.
- Cancer: XCR1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in certain cancers, such as melanoma and pancreatic cancer.
Did you Know ?
Research indicates that approximately 20% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have elevated levels of XCL1 and XCR1 expression in their synovial fluid, highlighting the potential role of this pathway in disease severity.
