TXNRD1
Description
The TXNRD1 (thioredoxin reductase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
TXNRD1, the gene encoding Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic, is part of the pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase family. This enzyme reduces thioredoxins and other substrates, contributing to selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The active enzyme is believed to be a homodimer using FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine residue vital for catalytic activity. This selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon, typically signaling translation termination. However, a stem-loop structure in the 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes, called the SECIS, ensures UGA is recognized as a Sec codon. Alternative splicing produces various transcript variants, potentially encoding different isoforms.
TXNRD1 reduces disulfideprotein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form, acting as a homodimeric flavoprotein involved in regulating cellular redox reactions, growth, and differentiation. It contains a selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site essential for catalysis. Additionally, TXNRD1 exhibits reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
TXNRD1 is also known as GRIM-12, TR, TR1, TRXR1, TXNR, TXNR1.
Associated Diseases
- metastatic malignant neoplasm
- thyroid gland adenocarcinoma
- endometrial cancer
- urinary bladder cancer
- cancer
