TNFRSF18
Description
The TNFRSF18 (TNF receptor superfamily member 18) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18), also known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) or CD357. GITR is encoded and tnfrsf18 gene at chromosome 4 in mice. GITR is type I transmembrane protein and is described in 4 different isoforms. GITR human orthologue, also called activation-inducible TNFR family receptor (AITR), is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene at chromosome 1. GITR is a member of TNFR superfamily and shares high homology in cytoplasmic domain, characterized with cysteine pseudo-repeats, with other members of TNFRSF, such as CD137, OX40 or CD27. GITR is constitutively expressed on CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells and its expression is upregulated on all T cell subsets after activation. GITR is also expressed on murine neutrophils and NK cells. GITR interacts with its ligand (GITRL) that is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC) and endothelial cells. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the importance of these costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, their role in the autoimmune reaction to herniated disc fragments has yet to be explored.
TNFRSF18 is also known as AITR, CD357, ENERGEN, GITR, GITR-D.
