TMEM59
Description
The TMEM59 (transmembrane protein 59) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) is a membrane-bound protein located in the Golgi apparatus. While its exact function is unknown, TMEM59 has been shown to inhibit Golgi glycosylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and block its cleavage by the α- and β-amyloid precursor protein secretases. This inhibition prevents the formation of beta amyloid peptide, which forms amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. TMEM59 has also been shown to enhance Wnt signaling by promoting the formation of Wnt receptor signalosomes. Interactions between TMEM59 and the Wnt receptor Frizzled promote receptor multimerization, leading to increased potency and efficacy of Wnt signaling.
TMEM59 regulates autophagy in response to Staphylococcus aureus infection by activating LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C). This happens through TMEM59's interaction with ATG16L1, leading to the formation of a functional complex between LC3 and ATG16L1. This complex promotes LC3 lipidation and subsequent activation of autophagy. TMEM59 also plays a role in Golgi protein glycosylation, influencing the O-glycosylation and complex N-glycosylation of proteins like APP, BACE1, SEAP, and PRNP during Golgi maturation. This regulation inhibits APP transport to the cell surface and prevents its further shedding. These interactions between TMEM59 and ATG16L1 occur via TMEM59's WD repeats.
TMEM59 is also known as C1orf8, DCF1, HSPC001, PRO195, UNQ169.
