TMEM106A
Description
The TMEM106A (transmembrane protein 106A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
TMEM106A is a gene located on chromosome 17 in humans that encodes the transmembrane protein 106A. It resides near the cancer-related genes NBR1 and BRCA1. The gene harbors a domain of unknown function, DUF1356. The TMEM106A protein has a molecular weight of 28.9 kDa, comprised of 262 amino acids, with 240 of them residing in the functional domain. It features a transmembrane region and potentially a second transmembrane region, although the latter is not conserved in related proteins. The protein lacks a peptide signal protein. Structurally, it contains a balanced proportion of alpha-helix and beta-strand secondary structures, excluding transmembrane structures. TMEM106A undergoes post-translational modifications like phosphorylation, N-glycosylation, and lysine glycosylation. The gene has two paralogs, TMEM106B and TMEM106C, belonging to the pfam07092 gene family, which is part of the DUF1356 superfamily.
TMEM106A activates macrophages and drives their polarization towards the M1-like phenotype. This activation is mediated through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Consequently, TMEM106A upregulates the expression of CD80, CD86, CD69, and MHC II on macrophages, and stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL1B, IL6, CCL2, and nitric oxide. Additionally, it is speculated that TMEM106A may contribute to the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration.
TMEM106A is also known as -.
