TAAR1
Description
The TAAR1 (trace amine associated receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
TAAR1 is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein encoded by the TAAR1 gene in humans. It is an intracellular amine-activated Gs-coupled and Gq-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in several peripheral organs and cells (e.g., stomach, small intestine, duodenum, and white blood cells), astrocytes, and within the presynaptic plasma membrane of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Discovered in 2001, TAAR1 is one of six functional human trace amine-associated receptors, named for their ability to bind endogenous amines present in trace concentrations. It significantly regulates neurotransmission in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurons in the CNS. It also affects immune system and neuroimmune system function through different mechanisms. TAAR1 is a high-affinity receptor for amphetamine, methamphetamine, dopamine, and trace amines, mediating some of their cellular effects in monoamine neurons within the central nervous system. The primary endogenous ligands of the human TAAR1 (hTAAR1) receptor, by order of potency, are: tyramine > β-phenethylamine > dopamine = octopamine. TAAR1 was independently discovered by Borowski et al. and Bunzow et al.
TAAR1 is also known as TA1, TAR1, TRAR1.
Associated Diseases
- schizophrenia
- major depressive disorder
- endometrial cancer
- esophageal cancer
- cancer
- cystic fibrosis
- COVID-19
- laryngotracheoesophageal cleft
- breast cancer
