SUMO4
Description
The SUMO4 (small ubiquitin like modifier 4) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
SUMO4 is a protein encoded by the SUMO4 gene in humans. It is a member of the SUMO gene family, which encode small ubiquitin-related modifiers that control the localization, stability, and activity of target proteins. SUMO4 is found in the cytoplasm and specifically modifies IKBA, suppressing the NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription of the IL12B gene. A specific polymorphism in the SUMO4 gene, leading to the M55V substitution, has been associated with type 1 diabetes. SUMO4 has been shown to interact with IκBα.
SUMO4 is a ubiquitin-like protein that can be attached to lysine residues on target proteins. Unlike ubiquitin, SUMO4 does not appear to be involved in protein degradation. Instead, it may modify the subcellular localization, stability, or activity of its target proteins. In response to oxidative stress, SUMO4 conjugates to a variety of antioxidant enzymes, chaperones, and stress defense proteins. It can also conjugate to NFKBIA, TFAP2A, and FOS, suppressing their transcriptional activity, and to NR3C1, enhancing its transcriptional activity. The covalent attachment of SUMO4 to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I.
SUMO4 is also known as IDDM5, SMT3H4, SUMO-4, dJ281H8.4.
