SPN
Description
The SPN (sialophorin) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
SPN has various meanings depending on the context. It can refer to places like Saipan International Airport, Shahjahanpur railway station, Spooner Row railway station, or Spree-Neisse station. In telecommunications and computing, SPN can stand for Shortest job next, Service Principal Name, Service provider name, Substitution–permutation network, or Sum-Product Networks. Other uses include the Sanapaná language, Sp(n) in mathematics, Savanna Pastoral Neolithic, State Policy Network, and Service Professionals Network.
SPN, also known as Leukosialin, is a major cell surface sialoprotein found on leukocytes that plays a crucial role in regulating various T-cell functions. These include activation, proliferation, differentiation, trafficking, and migration. It facilitates T-cell movement to lymph nodes by interacting with ERM proteins (EZR, RDX, and MSN). SPN also influences T-cell differentiation, promoting Th1 lineage commitment while suppressing Th2 differentiation. Additionally, it enhances IFN-gamma expression in T-cells during TCR activation and stimulates IFN-gamma production in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. SPN is vital for preparing T-cells to sense cytokines and differentiate into effector cells by inducing and promoting IFNGR and IL4R signaling. It also mediates the clustering of IFNGR with TCR. Notably, SPN acts as a primary E-selectin ligand, enabling Th17 cells to roll on activated vasculature and recruit during inflammation. Furthermore, SPN serves as a T-cell counter-receptor for SIGLEC1 and protects cells from apoptotic signals, promoting cell survival.
SPN is also known as CD43, GALGP, GPL115, LEU-22, LSN.
Associated Diseases
- nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma
- C1 inhibitor deficiency
- autosomal systemic lupus erythematosus type 16
- hyper-IgM syndrome type 3
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARD11 deficiency
