SLC46A2
Description
The SLC46A2 (solute carrier family 46 member 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9.
SLC46A2 is a proton-coupled transporter that plays a crucial role in innate immune response by delivering pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) to cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. It exhibits selectivity towards muropeptides containing diaminopimelic acid (DAP), commonly found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, SLC46A2 transports bacterial muropeptides across endolysosomal membranes into the cytosol for recognition by NOD1, triggering a MYD88-dependent inflammatory response involving IL1A secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Additionally, SLC46A2 transports muramyl dipeptides derived from bacterial proteoglycans, leading to NOD2 activation and subsequent inflammatory responses. Furthermore, SLC46A2 is suggested to be a dominant importer of cyclic GMP-AMP dinucleotides (cGAMPs) in monocytes and macrophages, specifically importing 3'3'-cGAMP derived from pathogenic bacteria, contributing to the differential immune recognition of pathogenic and commensal bacteria. During tumorigenesis, SLC46A2 might transport extracellular tumor-derived 2'3'-cGAMP across the plasma membrane of M1-polarized macrophages, activating the anti-tumoral STING pathway. The precise transport mechanism, its electrogenicity, and stoichiometry remain to be elucidated.
SLC46A2 is also known as Ly110, TSCOT.
