SLC22A6

Description

The SLC22A6 (solute carrier family 22 member 6) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.

The organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), also known as solute carrier family 22 member 6 (SLC22A6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A6 gene. It is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family of proteins. OAT1 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in the brain, the placenta, the eyes, smooth muscles, and the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells of the kidneys. It plays a central role in renal organic anion transport. Along with OAT3, OAT1 mediates the uptake of a wide range of relatively small and hydrophilic organic anions from plasma into the cytoplasm of the proximal tubular cells of the kidneys. From there, these substrates are transported into the lumen of the nephrons of the kidneys for excretion. OAT1 homologs have been identified in rats, mice, rabbits, pigs, flounders, and nematodes.

== Function ==

OAT1 functions as organic anion exchanger. When the uptake of one molecule of an organic anion is transported into a cell by an OAT1 exchanger, one molecule of an endogenous dicarboxylic acid (such as glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc.) is simultaneously transported out of the cell. As a result of the constant removal of endogenous dicarboxylic acid, OAT1-positive cells are at risk of depleting their supply of dicarboxylates.

SLC22A6, also known as Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), is a secondary active transporter that functions as a sodium-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter. It exchanges the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell for the efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate, such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate. This transporter plays a crucial role in the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine. It mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells. SLC22A6 also functions as a biopterin transporter, involved in the uptake and secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2), and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins. It transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion. Additionally, it mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP. SLC22A6 is involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain. It may also transport glutamate. SLC22A6 plays a role in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body. Uremic toxins include indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF), and urate. Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA). SLC22A6 may also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier.

SLC22A6 is also known as HOAT1, OAT1, PAHT, ROAT1.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing