SERINC5
Description
The SERINC5 (serine incorporator 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
SERINC5 is a protein encoded by the SERINC5 gene in humans. It belongs to the serine incorporator (SERINC) family, a group of predicted membrane proteins. The function of SERINC5 is not fully understood, but it is believed to contribute to the incorporation of serine into certain lipid bilayer membranes. SERINC5 has a similar structure to other SERINC proteins, with approximately 17% amino acid similarity. It contains about 10-11 transmembrane domains, and an extra c-terminal transmembrane domain is required for its localization to the plasma membrane and its ability to inhibit viral infectivity. SERINC5 has been shown to antagonize viral proteins, such as Nef, glycoGag, and S2, which are involved in the release of HIV-1 virions. In the absence of certain virulence factors, SERINC5 prevents HIV retrovirus particles from fusing with the cell membrane and integrating their genetic information into target cells.
SERINC5 is a restriction factor that inhibits the infectivity of lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, by blocking an early stage of viral infection. It prevents the viral particle from entering the cytoplasm, likely by interfering with the penetration step. Additionally, SERINC5 promotes the incorporation of serine into phosphatidylserine and sphingolipids. It may contribute to the provision of serine molecules for the synthesis of myelin glycosphingolipids in oligodendrocytes.
SERINC5 is also known as C5orf12, TPO1.
