RTF1
Description
The RTF1 (RTF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15.
RTF1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTF1 gene. This locus may represent a gene involved in regulation of transcription elongation and chromatin remodeling, based on studies of similar proteins in other organisms.
The PAF1 complex (PAF1C) is a multi-protein complex that plays a crucial role in regulating transcription by RNA polymerase II. It is involved in various processes, including transcriptional elongation, histone modifications, and mRNA 3' end formation. PAF1C interacts with RNA polymerase II, specifically with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of POLR2A, both in its non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated states. It acts independently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1 to regulate transcriptional elongation. PAF1C is essential for the transcription of Hox and Wnt target genes. It also participates in hematopoiesis and stimulates the transcriptional activity of KMT2A/MLL1, a histone methyltransferase. PAF1C promotes leukemogenesis through its association with rearranged oncoproteins involving KMT2A/MLL1, such as KMT2A/MLL1-MLLT3/AF9 and KMT2A/MLL1-MLLT1/ENL. PAF1C influences histone modifications, including ubiquitination of histone H2B and methylation on histone H3 Lys-4 (H3K4me3). It recruits the RNF20/40 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex and the E2 enzyme UBE2A or UBE2B to chromatin, leading to the monoubiquitination of Lys-120 of histone H2B (H2BK120ub1). This H2B ubiquitination is thought to be linked to transcription. PAF1C is also involved in mRNA 3' end formation, likely through its association with cleavage and poly(A) factors. During influenza A virus infection (strain H3N2), PAF1C interacts with the viral NS1 protein, regulating gene transcription. It binds single-stranded DNA and is required for maximal induction of heat-shock genes. PAF1C is critical for trimethylation of histone H3 Lys-4 (H3K4me3) on genes associated with stem cell pluripotency, a function that is synergistic with CXXC1, indicating involvement of a SET1 complex. The PAF1 complex consists of CDC73, PAF1, LEO1, CTR9, RTF1, and SKIC8. While RTF1 is a component of the complex, its association appears less stable compared to other subunits. In HeLa cells, a shorter N-terminal form of RTF1 has also been found in the complex. The PAF1 complex interacts with PHF5A.
RTF1 is also known as GTL7, KIAA0252.
