RND3
Description
The RND3 (Rho family GTPase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
RND3 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (specifically, a GTPase) and a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. Like other members of the Rho family of Ras-related GTPases, it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors. Rnd family proteins are regulated through mechanisms that control their production, degradation, phosphorylation, and localization. In its GTP-bound form, RhoA exposes regions that allow it to interact with downstream targets. Rnd3 contains a region similar to the one RhoA exposes for interaction with ROCK1, allowing Rnd3 to compete with RhoA for interaction with ROCK1. By binding to ROCK1, Rnd3 inhibits it from phosphorylating downstream targets necessary for stress fiber formation. Rnd3 is also directly involved in controlling RhoA activity through suppression of PLEKHG5 and activation of ARHGAP5.
RND3 binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins.
RND3 is also known as ARHE, Rho8, RhoE, memB.
