RHOT2
Description
The RHOT2 (ras homolog family member T2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
RHOT2, also known as Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2, is an enzyme encoded by the RHOT2 gene in humans. As a Miro protein isoform, it facilitates mitochondrial transport by connecting mitochondria to the motor/adaptor complex. RHOT2's role in mitochondrial transport is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and potentially influencing Parkinson's disease (PD).
RHOT2 is one of two Miro isoforms in mammals, both sharing a structure with two EF-hand motifs, two GTP-binding domains, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The EF-hand motifs bind the adaptor protein Milton and the kinesin heavy chain, facilitating mitochondrial transport. Binding of calcium ions to these domains causes a conformational change that detaches the mitochondrial surface from kinesin.
RHOT2 belongs to the Rho GTPase family and is an atypical isoform due to its distinct regulation. It is exclusively expressed within the mitochondria.
RHOT2 is a mitochondrial GTPase that plays a role in mitochondrial trafficking. It is involved in the control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution.
RHOT2 is also known as ARHT2, C16orf39, MIRO-2, MIRO2, RASL.
