RHOG

Description

The RHOG (ras homolog family member G) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.

RHOG (Ras homology Growth-related) is a small (21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein that plays a critical role in intracellular signaling pathways. It belongs to the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG. RHOG was first identified as a coding sequence upregulated in hamster lung fibroblasts upon stimulation with serum. Its expression is widespread in mammals, and its function has been studied in various cell types, including fibroblasts, leukocytes, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, and HeLa cells. RhoG shares some binding partners with Rac, Cdc42, and RhoU/V members, but a key difference is its inability to bind to CRIB domain proteins, such as PAKs. Like most small G proteins, RhoG is involved in diverse cellular signaling mechanisms, including cell motility (through actin cytoskeleton regulation), gene transcription, endocytosis, neurite outgrowth, protection from anoikis, and regulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. RhoG activity is regulated by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby promoting RhoG-mediated signaling.

RHOG plays a role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, particularly in lymphocytes, where it contributes to the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis, and cup-like structures during leukocyte migration. RHOG's function in these processes is likely mediated through its regulation of Rac1 activity. RHOG binds phospholipids in an activation-dependent manner, anchoring it to the plasma membrane and serving as a platform for other proteins. RHOG is involved in the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules (CG) in lymphocytes, specifically natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. It promotes the docking of CGs to the plasma membrane by interacting with UNC13D, contributing to the cytotoxic activity of these cells.

RHOG is also known as ARHG.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing