PTPRU
Description
The PTPRU (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
PTPRU, encoded by the PTPRU gene, is a receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase (RPTP) belonging to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. These enzymes are signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. PTPRU is characterized by an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic tyrosine phosphatase domains. Its extracellular region contains a MAM domain, one Ig-like domain, and four fibronectin type III-like repeats, placing it within the type R2B RPTP family. While PTPRU is known to have two tyrosine phosphatase domains, only the first domain is catalytically active. Studies have shown that this domain can dephosphorylate β-catenin. However, both domains exhibit phosphatase activity when assayed in vitro. Interestingly, despite its structural similarity to other R2B RPTPs, PTPRU has been found to be structurally inactive due to divergent sequences in key catalytic motifs. This suggests that PTPRU may play a role in cell signaling beyond its phosphatase activity.
PTPRU is also known as FMI, PCP-2, PTP, PTP-J, PTP-PI, PTP-RO, PTPPSI, PTPRO, PTPU2, R-PTP-PSI, R-PTP-U, hPTP-J.
