PTGDS
Description
The PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9.
PTGDS (Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase) is an enzyme encoded by the PTGDS gene in humans. It catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 acts as a neuromodulator and a trophic factor in the central nervous system. It is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PTGDS is predominantly expressed in the brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing PTGDS suggest its involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Elevated levels of PTGDS and PGD2 are found in the bald-scalp areas of men with male pattern baldness. PTGDS is clinically used as a diagnostic marker for liquorrhea, to identify cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the nose or ear, which is crucial in assessing head trauma severity.
PTGDS catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It plays a role in various CNS functions including sedation, NREM sleep, and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. PTGDS binds small, non-substrate lipophilic molecules such as biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid, and thyroid hormone. It may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. PTGDS might be involved in the development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor, and blood-testis barriers. It is likely to play crucial roles in both the maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and the male reproductive system. PTGDS participates in PLA2G3-dependent maturation of mast cells. PLA2G3, secreted by immature mast cells, acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream to PTGDS to synthesize PGD2. This PGD2 promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR.
PTGDS is also known as L-PGDS, LPGDS, PDS, PGD2, PGDS, PGDS2.
Associated Diseases
- lysosomal storage disease
- Parkinson disease
- multiple sclerosis
- Alzheimer disease
- keratoconus
- bipolar disorder
- neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome
- major depressive disorder
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- neutropenia-monocytopenia-deafness syndrome
