ZP1
Description
The ZP1 gene encodes a protein crucial for the formation of the zona pellucida (ZP), a glycoprotein layer surrounding mammalian oocytes. This layer plays a vital role in fertilization, acting as a barrier that prevents polyspermy (multiple sperm fertilizing the egg) and guiding sperm towards the egg. ZP1, along with ZP2 and ZP3 proteins, forms the structural framework of the ZP, contributing to its intricate structure and critical functions.
Associated Diseases
- Infertility: Mutations in the ZP1 gene can lead to infertility, as the ZP may not form properly, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
- Polyspermy: Defects in ZP1 can result in polyspermy, a condition where multiple sperm fertilize the egg, leading to abnormal development or embryo death.
- Premature Ovarian Failure (POF): Some studies suggest a potential link between ZP1 gene mutations and POF, but further research is needed to confirm this association.
Did you know?
ZP1 is also found in the vitelline membrane of fish eggs, highlighting the conserved role of this protein in reproduction across different species.
