VRK1 : VRK serine/threonine kinase 1

Description

The VRK1 (VRK serine/threonine kinase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14.

The VRK1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called VRK serine/threonine kinase 1. This protein is active in cells throughout the body.VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 plays a critical role in directing cell growth and division. This protein regulates several transcription factors, which are proteins that control the activity of genes by attaching (binding) to specific regions of DNA. VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 has a particularly important role in regulating a transcription factor called p53 (which is produced from the TP53 gene). The p53 protein repairs damaged DNA, regulates cell division, and prevents the formation of cancerous tumors. VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 stabilizes and activates the p53 protein and controls the levels of p53 in the nucleus.Studies suggest that VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 has several additional functions. This protein is involved in the assembly of the nuclear envelope, which is a structure that surrounds the nucleus and acts as a barrier between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. The nuclear envelope protects the DNA contained in the nucleus and regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus. VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 is also thought to play a role in the organization of chromatin. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. Both the assembly of the nuclear envelope and the proper organization of chromatin are necessary for normal cell division.Researchers speculate that VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 may be involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, but its role is not well understood.

VRK1, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a vital role in regulating cell cycle progression, nuclear condensation, and transcription. During mitosis, VRK1 is phosphorylated by PLK3, leading to Golgi fragmentation and disassembly. VRK1 also phosphorylates p53 at threonine 18, potentially preventing its interaction with MDM2. In response to DNA damage, VRK1 phosphorylates KAT5, enhancing its association with chromatin and histone acetyltransferase activity. VRK1 phosphorylation of BANF1 disrupts its DNA binding ability, weakens its interaction with LEM domain proteins, and causes its relocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. VRK1 also phosphorylates ATF2, which stimulates its transcriptional activity.

VRK1 is also known as HMNR10, PCH1, PCH1A.

Associated Diseases

• Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal recessive 10
• Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1A
• Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1
• Pontocerebellar hypoplasia