TG : thyroglobulin

Description

The TG (thyroglobulin) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8.

The TG gene provides instructions for making thyroglobulin, one of the largest proteins in the body, found only in the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin combines with iodine and undergoes modifications and breakdown to release thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating growth, brain development, and metabolism. Thyroglobulin also serves as a storehouse for iodine and inactive thyroid hormone until needed.

Thyroglobulin serves as a substrate for the production of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The synthesis of T3 and T4 involves iodination of selected tyrosine residues within thyroglobulin, followed by their oxidative coupling within the thyroid follicle lumen. After thyroglobulin is re-internalized and undergoes lysosomal-mediated proteolysis, T3 and T4 are released from the polypeptide backbone and secreted into the bloodstream. A single dimer of thyroglobulin can produce 7 thyroid hormone molecules.

TG is also known as AITD3, TGN.

Associated Diseases

• Autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, 3
• Familial thyroid dyshormonogenesis
• Thyroid hormonogenesis, genetic defect in, 3
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Graves disease