KDM5B
Description
The KDM5B (lysine demethylase 5B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
KDM5B (Lysine-specific demethylase 5B) is an enzyme that removes methyl groups from specific histone proteins, particularly histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4). This activity, known as demethylation, is crucial for regulating gene expression. KDM5B belongs to the JHDM family of demethylases, which are involved in removing methyl groups from histone tails. KDM5B has been implicated in various cellular processes and diseases, including cancer development. It has been shown to promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells by repressing tumor suppressor genes. Conversely, KDM5B may act as a tumor suppressor in melanoma. Knockout mice lacking KDM5B (Jarid1b−/−) exhibit premature mortality, decreased fertility in females, reduced body weight, and impaired mammary gland development. These findings suggest a complex role for KDM5B in various physiological processes.
KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase, specifically targeting and removing methyl groups from lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4). This demethylation activity plays a crucial role in regulating the histone code, which influences gene expression. Notably, KDM5B demethylates all three methylation states of H3K4: trimethylation, dimethylation, and monomethylation. It functions as a transcriptional corepressor for the FOXG1B and PAX9 transcription factors. In breast cancer, KDM5B promotes cell proliferation by repressing tumor suppressor genes like BRCA1 and HOXA5. Conversely, in melanoma, KDM5B might act as a tumor suppressor. Additionally, KDM5B represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer-mediated transcriptional activation of the core clock component PER2.
KDM5B is also known as CT31, JARID1B, MRT65, PLU-1, PLU1, PPP1R98, PUT1, RBBP2H1A, RBP2-H1.
