AUH : AU RNA binding methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase
Description
The AUH (AU RNA binding methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9.
The AUH gene provides instructions for producing an enzyme called 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase. This enzyme is found in cell structures called mitochondria, which convert energy from food into a form that cells can use. Within mitochondria, this enzyme plays an important role in breaking down proteins into smaller molecules that cells can use to produce energy. Specifically, 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase is responsible for the fifth step in breaking down the protein building block (amino acid) leucine. The enzyme converts a molecule called 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA into another molecule called 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase also has the ability to attach (bind) to RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA. Researchers are working to determine the purpose of this RNA-binding ability.
Catalyzes the fifth step in the leucine degradation pathway, the reversible hydration of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA (3-MG-CoA) to 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). Can catalyze the reverse reaction but at a much lower rate in vitro. HMG-CoA is then quickly degraded by another enzyme (such as HMG-CoA lyase) to give acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. Uses other substrates such as (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA efficiently in vitro, and to a lesser extent 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA), crotonyl-CoA ((2E)-butenoyl-CoA) and 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA (the missing carboxylate reduces affinity to the active site). Originally it was identified as an RNA-binding protein as it binds to AU-rich elements (AREs) in vitro. AREs direct rapid RNA degradation and mRNA deadenylation. Might have itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity, converting itaconyl-CoA into citramalyl-CoA in the C5-dicarboxylate catabolism pathway. The C5-dicarboxylate catabolism pathway is required to detoxify itaconate, an antimicrobial metabolite and immunomodulator produced by macrophages during certain infections, that can act as a vitamin B12-poisoning metabolite. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11738050, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12434311, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12655555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16640564, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7892223, ECO:0000303|PubMed:16640564, ECO:0000303|PubMed:29056341}
AUH is also known as -.
Associated Diseases
- 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1
- 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type I
- 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency
