ARHGEF2
Description
The ARHGEF2 (Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF2 gene.
== Function == Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate rho-dependent signals.
== Interactions == ARHGEF2 has been shown to interact with PAK1.
== References ==
== External links == Human ARHGEF2 genome location and ARHGEF2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
ARHGEF2 is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rho GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. It plays a role in various cellular processes, including epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immune response, and cancer. ARHGEF2 binds Rac-GTPases but does not promote nucleotide exchange activity towards them. Instead, it may stimulate the cortical activity of Rac. ARHGEF2 is inactive towards CDC42, TC10, or Ras-GTPases. It forms an intracellular sensing system with NOD1 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. ARHGEF2 is required for RHOA and RIP2-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathways activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. It is involved in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides through NOD1, independent of its GEF activity. ARHGEF2 also plays a role in the activation of NF-kappaB by Shigella effector proteins (IpgB2 and OspB), which requires its GEF activity and the activation of RhoA. ARHGEF2 is involved in innate immune signaling transduction pathways, promoting cytokine IL6/interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha secretion in macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans. It acts as a signaling intermediate between NOD2 receptor and RIPK2 kinase, contributing to the tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK2 through Src tyrosine kinase, leading to NF-kappaB activation by NOD2. Overexpression of ARHGEF2 activates Rho-, but not Rac-GTPases, and increases paracellular permeability. ARHGEF2 is involved in neuronal progenitor cell division and differentiation and in the migration of precerebellar neurons.
ARHGEF2 is also known as GEF, GEF-H1, GEFH1, LFP40, Lfc, NEDMHM, P40.
