ARHGEF1
Description
The ARHGEF1 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
ARHGEF1, also known as RhoGEF1 or p115-RhoGEF, is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of RhoA GTPase, a small GTPase protein involved in various cellular functions, particularly the cytoskeleton. RhoA is inactive when bound to GDP, but when acted upon by Rho GEF proteins like ARHGEF1, GDP is replaced with GTP, activating RhoA. ARHGEF1 is part of a group of four RhoGEF proteins activated by G protein-coupled receptors linked to G12 and G13 heterotrimeric G proteins. These proteins also function as GAPs for G12/G13 alpha proteins, accelerating their deactivation. ARHGEF1's function as a GEF is activated by GNA13 and inhibited by GNA12, highlighting its role in fine-tuning RhoA activity.
ARHGEF1 plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of RhoA GTPase, a protein involved in various cellular processes, particularly the cytoskeleton. It interacts with GNA12 and GNA13, two G protein subunits, to activate RhoA GTPase. ARHGEF1 also acts as a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) for GNA12 and GNA13, promoting their inactivation. The interaction of activated GNA13 with the RGS-like domain of ARHGEF1 stimulates its GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) activity, leading to RhoA activation. Conversely, binding of activated GNA12 to ARHGEF1 inhibits its GEF activity. Furthermore, ARHGEF1 is involved in mediating the activation of RhoA GTPase in response to angiotensin-2.
ARHGEF1 is also known as GEF1, IMD62, LBCL2, LSC, P115-RHOGEF, SUB1.5.
