APOC2
Description
The APOC2 (apolipoprotein C2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII, or Apoc-II), or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma, where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries, which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids and glycerols for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by xanthomas, pancreatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, but no increased risk for atherosclerosis. Lab tests will show elevated blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chylomicrons.
Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII) is a protein found in various lipoproteins within the blood, including chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism by activating lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides. Both the precursor form (proapolipoprotein C-II) and the mature form (apolipoprotein C-II) can activate lipoprotein lipase. The distribution of Apo-CII varies depending on lipid levels. In individuals with normal lipid levels, it is mainly found in HDL, while in those with high triglyceride levels, it predominantly resides in VLDL and LDL.
APOC2 is also known as APO-CII, APOC-II.
