PNOC
PNOC Gene: Exploring its Role in Health and Disease
Description
The PNOC (paraoxonase-1) gene is located on chromosome 7q21.3 and encodes an enzyme called paraoxonase-1 (PON1). PON1 is a member of the paraoxonase family of enzymes, which are involved in the detoxification of various toxic substances, including organophosphates, pesticides, and oxidized lipids.
PON1 is primarily produced by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. It circulates in the blood bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, commonly known as "good cholesterol." PON1 plays a crucial role in protecting the body against oxidative stress by hydrolyzing and detoxifying lipid peroxides, which are harmful molecules that damage cell membranes and contribute to various diseases.
Associated Diseases
Mutations in the PNOC gene have been associated with several diseases, including:
- Cardiovascular disease: PNOC polymorphisms have been linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and heart attacks.
- Neurological disorders: PNOC mutations have been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggesting a possible role in neurodegenerative processes.
- Metabolic syndrome: PNOC variants have been associated with an increased susceptibility to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
- Cancer: Low PON1 activity has been associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as lung cancer and prostate cancer.
Did you Know ?
Studies have shown that individuals with a certain PNOC polymorphism (Gln192Arg) have significantly lower PON1 activity compared to those with the wild-type gene. This polymorphism has been found to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death from all causes.
