PIGR

Description

The PIGR (polymeric immunoglobulin receptor) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

The PIGR gene encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), a transmembrane protein that facilitates the transcytosis of the soluble polymeric isoforms of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M (pIg) and immune complexes. pIgRs are mainly located on the epithelial lining of mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of the receptor is complex, including 6 immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain. pIgR expression is under the strong regulation of cytokines, hormones, and pathogenic stimuli. pIgR is produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and bronchial epithelial cells, belonging to the family of type I transmembrane proteins. The extracellular portion of the protein contains 6 domains: 5 evolutionarily conserved immunoglobulin-like domains, and 1 non-homologous domain involved in proteolytic cleavage of the pIg-pIgR complex from the apical side of the IECs. The long intracellular domain, along with the transmembrane region, is responsible for the transduction of highly conserved signals. During transcytosis, an essential part of pIgR, the secretory component, is attached to the ligand and later cleaved with the ligand to form fully functioning secreted IgA.

The PIGR gene encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which mediates the selective transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM across mucosal epithelial cells. pIgR binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, transporting the complex across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. During this process, the extracellular portion of pIgR, known as the secretory component, is cleaved from the transmembrane segment.

PIGR is also known as -.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing