OXGR1
Description
The OXGR1 (oxoglutarate receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 13.
OXGR1, or 2-oxoglutarate receptor 1 (also known as GPR99, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E, i.e., CysLTE, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 3, i.e., CysLT3), is a G protein-coupled receptor found on the surface membranes of certain cells. It is activated when it binds to one of its ligands, triggering programmed responses in its parent cells. OXGR1 is known to be activated by α-ketoglutarate, itaconate, and three cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes (CysLTs), leukotriene E4 (LTE4), LTC4, and LTD4. α-Ketoglutarate and itaconate are the dianionic forms of α-ketoglutaric acid and itaconic acid, respectively. These are short-chain dicarboxylic acids with two carboxyl groups (-CO2H) bound to hydrogen (H+). However, at the basic pH levels (pH>7) found in most animal tissues, α-ketoglutaric acid and itaconic acid exist primarily as α-ketoglutarate and itaconate, with their carboxy residues negatively charged (-CO2 {displaystyle ^{-}}), because they are not bound to H+ (see Conjugate acid-base theory). It is α-ketoglutarate and itaconate, not α-ketoglutaric or itaconic acids, which activate OXGR1. In 2001, a human gene was identified that was projected to code for a G protein-coupled receptor (a receptor that stimulates cells by activating G proteins). Its protein product was classified as an orphan receptor, meaning its activating ligand and function were unknown. The projected amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this gene bore similarities to the purinergic receptor, P2Y1, suggesting it might, like P2Y1, be a receptor for purines.
OXGR1 is also known as CAON2, GPR80, GPR99, P2RY15, P2Y15, aKGR.
