SOCS1
Description
The SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene. SOCS1 orthologs have been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available.
== Function == This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3, erythropoietin (EPO), GM-CSF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine signaling. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene as a modulator of IFN-γ action, which is required for normal postnatal growth and survival. Several recent viral studies have shown that viral genes, such as Tax gene product (Tax), encoded by HTLV-1, could hijack SOCS1 to inhibit host antiviral pathways, as a strategy to evade host immunity.
== Interactions == The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 has been shown to interact with:
== See also == SOCS JAK-STAT signaling pathway
== References ==
== Further reading ==
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
SOCS1 is a crucial negative regulator of type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling pathways, as well as other cytokine signaling pathways, including those for IL2, IL4, IL6, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). SOCS1 downregulates cytokine signaling by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. This is achieved through direct binding to JAK proteins and IFNGR1, leading to inhibition of their kinase activity. In vitro, SOCS1 suppresses Tec protein-tyrosine kinase activity. It has also been shown to regulate IFN-gamma-mediated sensory neuron survival. SOCS1 is a probable substrate recognition component of an ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
SOCS1 is also known as AISIMD, CIS1, CISH1, JAB, SOCS-1, SSI-1, SSI1, TIP-3, TIP3.
