OLR1
Description
The OLR1 (oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1), also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), is a protein encoded by the OLR1 gene in humans. LOX-1 is the primary receptor for oxidized LDL on endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and other cell types. However, minimally oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the TLR4 receptor, and highly oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the CD36 receptor.
LOX-1 belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily and its gene is regulated by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. It binds, internalizes, and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Normally, LOX-1 expression on endothelial cells is low, but tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidized LDL, blood vessel shear stress, and other atherosclerotic stimuli significantly increase LOX-1 expression. LOX-1 may play a role in regulating Fas-induced apoptosis, and oxidized LDL induces endothelial cell apoptosis through LOX-1 binding. Other ligands for LOX-1 include oxidized high-density lipoprotein, advanced glycation end-products, platelets, and apoptotic cells.
OLR1, also known as LOX-1, acts as a receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a marker of atherosclerosis. This interaction triggers endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, leading to pro-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. OLR1‘s binding to oxLDL activates NF-kappa-B, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and promoting atherogenic responses such as reduced nitric oxide release, monocyte adhesion, and apoptosis. In addition to oxLDL, OLR1 binds HSP70, facilitating antigen cross-presentation to naive T-cells in dendritic cells. OLR1 participates in inflammatory processes by serving as a leukocyte-adhesion molecule in endotoxin-induced inflammation. It also functions as a receptor for advanced glycation end (AGE) products, activated platelets, monocytes, apoptotic cells, and both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
OLR1 is also known as CLEC8A, LOX1, LOXIN, SCARE1, SLOX1.
