NPPB
Description
The NPPB (natriuretic peptide B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Brain natriuretic peptide 32 (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume. BNP is one of the three natriuretic peptides, in addition to ANP and CNP. The 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP is secreted attached to a 76–amino acid N-terminal fragment in the prohormone called NT-proBNP (BNPT), which is biologically inactive. Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity. The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better targets than ANP for diagnostic blood testing. The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to those of ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis. The net effect of these peptides is a decrease in blood pressure due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance and, thus, afterload. Additionally, the actions of both BNP and ANP result in a decrease in cardiac output due to an overall decrease in central venous pressure and preload as a result of the reduction in blood volume that follows natriuresis and diuresis.
== Biosynthesis == BNP is synthesized as a 134-amino acid preprohormone (preproBNP), encoded by the human gene NPPB. Removal of the 25-residue N-terminal signal peptide generates the prohormone, proBNP, which is stored intracellularly as an O-linked glycoprotein; proBNP is subsequently cleaved between arginine-102 and serine-103 by a specific convertase (probably furin or corin) into NT-proBNP and the biologically active 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP-32, which are secreted into the blood in equimolar amounts. Cleavage at other sites produces shorter BNP peptides with unknown biological activity. Processing of proBNP may be regulated by O-glycosylation of residues near the cleavage sites.
[Brain natriuretic peptide 32]: Cardiac hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis (PubMed:9458824, PubMed:1672777, PubMed:1914098, PubMed:17372040). May also function as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart (By similarity). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins that drive various biological responses (PubMed:9458824, PubMed:1672777, PubMed:17372040, PubMed:21098034, PubMed:17349887, PubMed:25339504). Involved in regulating the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid- electrolyte balance through natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, and inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion (PubMed:9458824, PubMed:1914098). Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 (PubMed:16870210). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P40753, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1672777, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16870210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17349887, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17372040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1914098, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25339504, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9458824}
NPPB is also known as BNP, Iso-ANP.
