DNASE1L3
Description
The DNASE1L3 (deoxyribonuclease 1L3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
DNASE1L3 gene encodes a member of the DNase family. The encoded protein hydrolyzes DNA, is not inhibited by actin, and mediates the breakdown of DNA during apoptosis. The loss of function of DNASE1L3 is linked to autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
DNASE1L3 has DNA hydrolytic activity, cleaving both single- and double-stranded DNA, producing fragments with 3'-OH ends. It can cleave chromatin into nucleosomal units and also cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. DNASE1L3 participates in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during both apoptosis and necrosis. Its role in apoptosis encompasses myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells. DNASE1L3 acts on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles, suppressing anti-DNA autoimmunity. Together with DNASE1, it plays a critical role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are mainly composed of DNA fibers released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is crucial to prevent the formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation.
DNASE1L3 is also known as D3, DHP2, DNAS1L3, LSD, SLEB16.
